MODIS大气产品的光合有效辐射估算研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈卓奇  邵全琴  刘纪远  王军邦 《遥感学报》2012,16(1):25-37

利用气溶胶、水汽、云以及臭氧等MODIS标准大气产品,在简单辐射传输模型基础上估算青藏高原光合有效辐射,经验证估算的光合有效辐射与实测数据存在显著的线性相关,相关系数在0.8—0.9之间,最大误差为13%。经过敏感性分析发现云层厚度、气溶胶含量以及大气压力对光合有效辐射的影响大。臭氧和水汽含量的变化不敏感。云层厚度、Angstrom浑浊度系数和大气压力分别变化30%、25%和15%时,光合有效辐射变化分别为20%、5%和5%。  相似文献   

Photosynthesis versus irradiance relationships in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean     

S Thomalla  E Kean  M Lucas  M-J Gibberd  R Barlow 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(1):43-57

Eleven incubation experiments were conducted in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean to investigate the relationship between new production (ρNO^–₃), regenerated production (ρNH⁺₄), and total carbon production (ρC) as a function of varying light. The results show substantial variability in the photosynthesis–irradiance (P vs E) parameters, with phytoplankton communities at stations that were considered iron (Fe)-limited showing low maximum photosynthetic capacity (P^B_max) and low quantum efficiency of photosynthesis (α^B) for ρNO₃, but high P^B_max and α^B for ρNH₄, with consequently low export efficiency. Results at stations likely relieved of Fe stress (associated with shallow bathymetry and the marginal ice zone) showed the highest rates of P^B_max and α^B for ρNO₃ and ρC. To establish the key factors influencing the variability of the photosynthetic parameters, a principal components analysis was performed on P vs E parameters, using surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, ambient nutrients, and an index for community size structure. Strong covariance between ambient nitrate (NO₃) and α^B for ρNO₃ suggests that Fe and possibly light co-limitation affects the ability of phytoplankton in the region to access the surplus NO₃ reservoir. However, the observed relationships between community structure and the P vs E parameters suggest superior performance by smaller-sized cells, in terms of resource acquisition and Fe limitation, as the probable driver of smaller-celled phytoplankton communities that have reduced photosynthetic efficiency and which require higher light intensities to saturate uptake. A noticeable absence in covariances between chlorophyll-a and α^B, between P^B_max and α^B, and between temperature and α^B may have important implications for primary-production models, although the absence of some expected relationships may be a consequence of the small dataset and low range of variability. However, significant relationships were observed between ambient NO₃ and α^B for ρNO₃, and between the light-saturation parameter E_k for ρNO₃ and the phytoplankton community’s size structure, which imply that Fe and light co-limitation drives access to the surplus NO₃ reservoir and that larger-celled communities are more efficient at fixing NO₃ in low light conditions. Although the mean P^B_max results for ρC were consistent with estimates of global production from satellite chlorophyll measurements, the range of variability was large. These results highlight the need for more-advanced primary-production models that take into account a diverse range of environmental and seasonal drivers of photosynthetic responses.  相似文献   

Simultaneous estimates ofsynechococcus spp. Growth and grazing mortality rates in the English Channel     

Ning Xiu-ren  Daniel Vaulot 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1996,14(1):8-16

The marine chroococooid phycoerythrin-containingSynechococcus spp. cyanobacterium has been implicated as a substantial component of the photosynthetic picoplankton in the ocean. Although its importance as food source for heterotrophic nanoplankton is now recognized, information about the cycling ofSynechococcus biomass and its diel pattern is limited and study methodology varies among authors. The selective metabolic inhibitor method was used to simultaneously estimate growth and grazing disappearance rates ofSynechococcus in the English Channel where growth rates ranged from 0.25 to 0.72/d (mean ±SD=0.51±0.17/d) and grazing mortality rates ranged from 0.19 to 0.64/d (mean ±SD=0.48±0.17/d). Size-fractionated experiments demonstrated that up to 70% ofSynechococcus disappearance could be attributed to grazers going through a 2 μm Nuclepore filter.Synechococcus grazing mortality rates (mean=0.74 ±0.25/d) during the day were always higher than that (mean=0.2±0.20/d) during the night, while growth rates showed no clear diel pattern. A positive correlation was observed between growth rates andin situ temperature ranging from 9 to 17°C, while in contrast grazing was independent of temperature. The close similatiry between average growth and grazing rates suggests a rapid recycling ofSynechococcus biomass in English Channel coastal waters.  相似文献   

STUDY ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON IN MINNAN-TAIWAN SHOAL     

王宪  李文权 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1994,12(1):91-96

Carbon assimilation rates were determined in situ in the Minnan-Taiwan Shoal with the C-14 tracer method. Seasonal variations of photosynthetic parameters of marine phytoplankton were measured together with determination of Chl a and carbon content, Experimental results indicated that the average carbon-specific carbon accumulation rate is 0.85 d~(-1), mean primary productivity is 0.55 g C (m~2d)~(-1). Temperature effect on the growth of the algae can be described by the modle of Goldman and Carpenter. Supplementation of nutrients brought up by the upwelling in summer caused the observably higher primary productivities in autumn.  相似文献   

Effect of turbulence and inorganic carbon supply on growth ofDunaliella viridis Teodoresco     

Carlos Jiménez  Jesus Mercado  José Aguilera  J. M. rodriguez-Maroto  F. X. Niell 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):223-232

Turbulence is known to enhance growth in microalgae. We studied the possible effects of the extra inorganic carbon supplied to the cultures when air bubbling is the source of turbulence. A set of experiments was carried out to separate the effects of the subsidiary action of agitation on growth from those due to possible carbon enrichment from air CO₂ when air bubbling was the source of mixing. It was found that air bubbling does not induce an increase of the concentration of inorganic carbon in HCO ₃ ^– -enriched growth media, and that no differences appear between air-bubbled and CO₂-free air-bubbled cultures. On the other hand, photosynthetic O₂ was accumulated in the medium in non-mixed cultures, which showed higher respiration and lower photosynthetic rates, probably due to photoinhibition induced by oversaturation of O₂. Growth rate, maximal cell density and photosynthetic efficiency were higher in aerated cultures than in non-aerated ones.  相似文献   

干旱胁迫对甘草光合特性与生物量分配的影响   总被引：28，自引：13，他引：28  

刘长利  王文  崔俊茹  李帅英 《中国沙漠》2006,26(1):142-145

 为了探讨干旱胁迫对甘草光合特性与生物量分配的影响，采用土壤干旱胁迫处理盆栽2 a生甘草实生苗，测定胁迫30 d的甘草叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等生理指标和胁迫60 d的地上地下各器官生物量。结果显示，在土壤相对含水量为50％的轻度干旱胁迫下，甘草叶片光合生理指标与根生物量变化不显著，在土壤相对含水量为35％的严重干旱胁迫下，甘草叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率显著下降，胞间CO2浓度显著升高，气孔导度显著降低，各器官生物量显著下降。但随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧，甘草水分利用效率与气孔限制值能够保持相对的稳定，生物量分配更多地流向地下器官，地上器官生物量分配明显变少，根冠比增大。研究表明，甘草的光合特性与生物量分配格局对于干旱环境具有很强的适应能力，引起甘草叶片光合速率下降的主要原因是非气孔因素。另外，在土壤相对含水量35％以上的干旱胁迫下，不但不会影响人工种植药材的产量，而且可能会促进甘草酸在根中的合成积累，提高药材质量。  相似文献   

Seasonal variation in carbon exchange and its ecological analysis over Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)

Eddy covariance technique was used to measure carbon flux during two growing seasons in 2003 and 2004 over typical steppe in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. The results showed that there were two different CO2 flux diurnal patterns at the grassland ecosystem. One had a dual peak in diurnal course of CO2 fluxes with a depression of CO2 flux after noon, and the other had a single peak. In 2003, the maximum diurnal uptake and emitting value of CO2 were -7.4 and 5.4 g·m-2·d-1 respectively and both occurred in July. While in 2004, the maximum diurnal uptake and release of CO2 were -12.8 and 5.8 g·m-2·d-1 and occurred both in August. The grassland fixed 294.66 and 467.46 g CO2·m-2 in 2003 and 2004, and released 333.14 and 437.17 g CO2·m-2 in 2003 and 2004, respectively from May to September. Water availability and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) are two important factors of controlling CO2 flux. Consecutive precipitation can cause reduction in the ability of ecosystem carbon exchange. Under favorable soil water conditions, daytime CO2 flux is dependent on PAR. CO2 flux, under soil water stress conditions, is obviously less than those under favorable soil water conditions, and there is a light saturation phenomena at PAR=1200μmol·m-2·s-1. Soil respiration was temperature dependent when there was no soil water stress; otherwise, this response became accumulatively decoupled from soil temperature.  相似文献   

寒武纪丝状蓝细菌生物膜主导和诱发的巨型鲕粒:以河南新安县石井剖面苗岭统徐庄组为例^*          下载免费PDF全文

梅冥相 《古地理学报》2021,23(1):105-124

多样化的产出环境和30×10⁸年的分布历史表明,鲕粒成因一直是一个谜一样的沉积学难题,争论的关键问题是其究竟是有机(微生物)成因还是无机成因。来自于华北地台寒武系苗岭统徐庄组鲕粒滩相灰岩顶部的方解石巨鲕表现出同心状、放射—同心状和泥晶质的沉积组构,在鲕粒核心和鲕粒皮层中保存着精美的葛万菌(Girvanella)化石所主导的光合作用生物膜的钙化作用残余物,这为研究鲕粒形成与光合作用生物膜之间复杂的成因联系提供了一个较为直接的微生物证据,因为葛万菌可相对较为肯定地类比于近代的钙化织线菌(Plectonema)丝状蓝细菌化石。所以说,在伴随着后生动物辐射的寒武纪蓝细菌繁盛的方解石海中,尽管形成放射状鲕粒皮层的放射纤维状方解石的沉淀作用机理还没有得到完全彻底的了解,但是这些巨鲕确实表现出光合作用生物膜诱发、滋养并促进了鲕粒形成的直接证据,进一步支持了“鲕粒沉积可以作为一种不同的微生物岩体系新类型”的重要科学理念。  相似文献   

Acclimations of macroalgae as reflected in photosynthetic parameters derived from PAM fluorometry, and possible implications for abundance patterns     

Shai Saroussi  & Sven Beer 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(3):377-383

The presences of the common macroalgae Ulva sp. and Jania rubens vary between seasons along the Israeli Mediterranean intertidal zone. To reveal some of the potential acclimation mechanisms of these algae, we examined their photosynthetic traits during the year using rapid light curves (RLC) derived from pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. In addition, the relationships between those photosynthetic traits and the relative abundances of the two algae were investigated. Ulva sp. showed high maximal electron transport rates (ETR_max) (49.7–68.8 μmol electrons m⁻² s⁻¹) and onsets of light saturation values (E_k) (75.8–85.6 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹) in the winter months of December–February, while low values were found in the summer months of June–July (5.2–20.6 μmol electrons m⁻² s⁻¹ and 6.0–23.7 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively). At noon time (during the highest irradiance of the day), the maximal effective quantum yield (Y₀) did not vary significantly during the year. These results indicate that seasonal irradiance influences the number of reaction centres per thallus area. Both algae showed depressions in Y₀ at noon (23.8% for Ulva sp. and 20.3% for Jania rubens), indicating an efficient non‐photochemical quenching mechanism. A positive correlation between the relative abundance and the photosynthetic parameter Y₀ was found for Jania rubens when Y₀ was sampled in the morning or noon, indicating that growth rate and primary production for this alga can be estimated from RLCs. No such correlation was found for Ulva sp., indicating that, in addition to photosynthetic traits, the relative seasonal abundance of this alga is influenced by other factors such as grazing and/or catastrophic events.  相似文献   

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

王宪  李文权 《台湾海峡》1994,13(1):8-13

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足  相似文献